Psalms 39:11

Authorized King James Version

When thou with rebukes dost correct man for iniquity, thou makest his beauty to consume away like a moth: surely every man is vanity. Selah.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּֽתוֹכָ֘ח֤וֹת
When thou with rebukes
chastisement; figuratively (by words) correction, refutation, proof (even in defense)
#2
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#3
עָוֹ֨ן׀
for iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#4
יִסַּ֬רְתָּ
dost correct
to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct
#5
אִ֗ישׁ
man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#6
וַתֶּ֣מֶס
to consume away
to dissolve
#7
כָּעָ֣שׁ
like a moth
a moth
#8
חֲמוּד֑וֹ
thou makest his beauty
to delight in
#9
אַ֤ךְ
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
#10
הֶ֖בֶל
is vanity
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb
#11
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#12
אָדָ֣ם
surely every man
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#13
סֶֽלָה׃
Selah
suspension (of music), i.e., pause

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection