Psalms 4:2

Authorized King James Version

O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּנֵ֥י
O ye sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#2
אִ֡ישׁ
of men
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#3
עַד
how long
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#4
מֶ֬ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#5
כְבוֹדִ֣י
will ye turn my glory
properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness
#6
לִ֭כְלִמָּה
into shame
disgrace
#7
תֶּאֱהָב֣וּן
how long will ye love
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
#8
רִ֑יק
vanity
emptiness; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain
#9
תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ
and seek
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#10
כָזָ֣ב
after leasing
falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)
#11
סֶֽלָה׃
Selah
suspension (of music), i.e., pause

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of love reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection