Psalms 34:5

Authorized King James Version

They looked unto him, and were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הִבִּ֣יטוּ
They looked
to scan, i.e., look intently at; by implication, to regard with pleasure, favor or care
#2
אֵלָ֣יו
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
וְנָהָ֑רוּ
unto him and were lightened
to sparkle, i.e., (figuratively) be cheerful
#4
וּ֝פְנֵיהֶ֗ם
and their faces
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#5
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#6
יֶחְפָּֽרוּ׃
were not ashamed
to blush; figuratively, to be ashamed, disappointed; causatively, to shame, reproach

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection