Psalms 27:12

Authorized King James Version

Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַֽל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#2
תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי
Deliver
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#3
בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ
me not over unto the will
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#4
צָרָ֑י
of mine enemies
a pebble (as in h6864)
#5
כִּ֥י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#6
קָֽמוּ
are risen up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#7
בִ֥י
H0
#8
עֵֽדֵי
witnesses
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
#9
שֶׁ֝֗קֶר
for false
an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)
#10
וִיפֵ֥חַ
against me and such as breathe out
properly, puffing, i.e., (figuratively) meditating
#11
חָמָֽס׃
cruelty
violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection