Psalms 119:21

Authorized King James Version

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Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments.

Original Language Analysis

גָּ֭עַרְתָּ Thou hast rebuked H1605
גָּ֭עַרְתָּ Thou hast rebuked
Strong's: H1605
Word #: 1 of 5
to chide
זֵדִ֣ים the proud H2086
זֵדִ֣ים the proud
Strong's: H2086
Word #: 2 of 5
arrogant
אֲרוּרִ֑ים that are cursed H779
אֲרוּרִ֑ים that are cursed
Strong's: H779
Word #: 3 of 5
to execrate
הַ֝שֹּׁגִים which do err H7686
הַ֝שֹּׁגִים which do err
Strong's: H7686
Word #: 4 of 5
to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication
מִמִּצְוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ from thy commandments H4687
מִמִּצְוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ from thy commandments
Strong's: H4687
Word #: 5 of 5
a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)

Analysis & Commentary

Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments. The focus shifts to God's judgment on the arrogant. Rebuked (ga'arta, גָּעַרְתָּ) is a strong term for sharp correction or stern reproof, used of God silencing the sea (Psalm 106:9) and rebuking demons (Zechariah 3:2). The object is the proud (zedim, זֵדִים), those marked by insolent presumption and arrogant self-sufficiency. These are cursed (arurim, אֲרוּרִים), under divine condemnation—the opposite of the blessed person in verse 1.

The proud are characterized by their wandering: they err from thy commandments (hashoggim mimitzovtekha, הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֹתֶיךָ). Shagah (שָׁגָה) suggests going astray, missing the path. Pride leads inevitably to disobedience; those who exalt themselves refuse submission to God's authority. Proverbs 16:18 warns, 'Pride goeth before destruction,' and James 4:6 declares, 'God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.' Jesus embodied humility (Matthew 11:29), and His kingdom inverts worldly values where the proud are brought low (Luke 1:51-52).

Historical Context

Throughout Israel's history, proud nations and individuals faced God's rebuke—from Pharaoh to Nebuchadnezzar to Herod. The curse on the proud echoes Deuteronomy's covenant curses (Deuteronomy 28:15-68) and foreshadows the eschatological judgment when God will humble all human pride (Isaiah 2:12-17). The psalmist, likely facing opposition from arrogant enemies, finds comfort in God's justice.

Questions for Reflection

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