Proverbs 29:18

Authorized King James Version

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Where there is no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy is he.

Original Language Analysis

בְּאֵ֣ין H369
בְּאֵ֣ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 1 of 7
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
חָ֭זוֹן Where there is no vision H2377
חָ֭זוֹן Where there is no vision
Strong's: H2377
Word #: 2 of 7
a sight (mentally), i.e., a dream, revelation, or oracle
יִפָּ֣רַֽע perish H6544
יִפָּ֣רַֽע perish
Strong's: H6544
Word #: 3 of 7
to loosen; by implication, to expose, dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin
עָ֑ם the people H5971
עָ֑ם the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 4 of 7
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר but he that keepeth H8104
וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר but he that keepeth
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 5 of 7
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
תּוֹרָ֣ה the law H8451
תּוֹרָ֣ה the law
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 6 of 7
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
אַשְׁרֵֽהוּ׃ happy H835
אַשְׁרֵֽהוּ׃ happy
Strong's: H835
Word #: 7 of 7
happiness; only in masculine plural construction as interjection, how happy!

Analysis & Commentary

This famous proverb addresses the necessity of divine revelation: 'Where there is no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy is he.' The word 'vision' (chazon) refers to prophetic revelation, God's word communicated through prophets. Without it, people 'perish' (para—become unrestrained, cast off restraint, perish). Some translations render it: 'Where there is no revelation, people cast off restraint.' God's word provides moral boundaries and life-giving guidance; without it, chaos and death result. The parallel phrase emphasizes keeping the law (torah)—those who guard God's instruction are blessed ('happy,' ashrei). This verse celebrates Scripture's essential role in providing divine direction for life.

Historical Context

Periods when God's word was rare in Israel resulted in moral chaos (1 Samuel 3:1; Amos 8:11-12). The people needed prophetic revelation to know God's will and live righteously. Post-exilic Judaism centered on Torah as written revelation. Christianity recognizes Scripture as God's inspired, sufficient word (2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:19-21). Without biblical revelation, societies descend into moral relativism and destruction.

Questions for Reflection

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