Proverbs 13:20

Authorized King James Version

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He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.

Original Language Analysis

הלֹוֵ֣ךְ He that walketh H1980
הלֹוֵ֣ךְ He that walketh
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 1 of 7
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 2 of 7
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
חֲכָמִ֣ים with wise H2450
חֲכָמִ֣ים with wise
Strong's: H2450
Word #: 3 of 7
wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)
וֶחְכָּ֑ם men shall be wise H2449
וֶחְכָּ֑ם men shall be wise
Strong's: H2449
Word #: 4 of 7
to be wise (in mind, word or act)
וְרֹעֶ֖ה but a companion H7462
וְרֹעֶ֖ה but a companion
Strong's: H7462
Word #: 5 of 7
to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie
כְסִילִ֣ים of fools H3684
כְסִילִ֣ים of fools
Strong's: H3684
Word #: 6 of 7
properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly
יֵרֽוֹעַ׃ shall be destroyed H7321
יֵרֽוֹעַ׃ shall be destroyed
Strong's: H7321
Word #: 7 of 7
to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e., shout (for alarm or joy)

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb warns about the company we keep: 'He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.' The principle is relational influence—we become like those with whom we associate. 'Walketh with' (halak) implies ongoing companionship, regular fellowship, and shared journey. Wisdom is caught as well as taught; walking with wise people forms character through observation and imitation. Conversely, companionship with fools leads to destruction (ra'a—to be broken, shattered, harmed). This isn't merely practical advice but spiritual reality—community shapes us profoundly. Paul echoes this: 'evil communications corrupt good manners' (1 Corinthians 15:33).

Historical Context

Ancient cultures understood corporate identity and communal influence in ways modern individualism obscures. One's companions determined social standing, moral formation, and practical opportunities. Proverbs repeatedly warns about bad company (1:10-19, 22:24-25, 23:20-21) and commends wise association. Early Christianity's emphasis on church community and separation from the world reflects this wisdom.

Questions for Reflection

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