Proverbs 13:21

Authorized King James Version

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Evil pursueth sinners: but to the righteous good shall be repayed.

Original Language Analysis

חַ֭טָּאִים sinners H2400
חַ֭טָּאִים sinners
Strong's: H2400
Word #: 1 of 7
a criminal, or one accounted guilty
תְּרַדֵּ֣ף pursueth H7291
תְּרַדֵּ֣ף pursueth
Strong's: H7291
Word #: 2 of 7
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
רָעָ֑ה Evil H7451
רָעָ֑ה Evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 3 of 7
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 7
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים but to the righteous H6662
צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים but to the righteous
Strong's: H6662
Word #: 5 of 7
just
יְשַׁלֶּם shall be repayed H7999
יְשַׁלֶּם shall be repayed
Strong's: H7999
Word #: 6 of 7
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
טֽוֹב׃ good H2896
טֽוֹב׃ good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 7 of 7
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb establishes the moral principle of retributive justice. "Evil pursueth sinners" pictures sin's consequences actively chasing wrongdoers. Chatta'im terad'ef ra'ah (חַטָּאִים תְּרַדֵּף רָעָה, sinners—evil pursues). Radaf (רָדַף, pursue, chase, persecute) suggests relentless hunting. Evil doesn't just happen to sinners—it hunts them down like prey.

"But to the righteous good shall be repayed" promises divine recompense. Ve'et-tsaddiqim yeshallем-tov (וְאֶת־צַדִּיקִים יְשַׁלֵּם־טוֹב, but the righteous—good will be repaid). Shalam (שָׁלַם, repay, recompense, restore, make peace) indicates full payment. God ensures the righteous receive tov (טוֹב, good, welfare, prosperity).

This principle reflects God's moral governance. Sin carries built-in consequences that pursue perpetrators. Numbers 32:23 warns: "Be sure your sin will find you out." Galatians 6:7 teaches: "Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." Evil pursued Haman (Esther 7:10), Ahab (1 Kings 22:37-38), and Judas (Matthew 27:5). Conversely, God repays the righteous—sometimes temporally, always eternally. While believers face trials, Romans 8:28 promises all things work together for good. Christ's atonement broke sin's pursuit, and God will fully repay believers with eternal glory (2 Timothy 4:8, 1 Peter 5:4).

Historical Context

Israel's history demonstrated this principle. National sin brought Assyrian and Babylonian conquest—evil pursued them. Individual examples include Achan (Joshua 7), Gehazi (2 Kings 5:27), and Ananias/Sapphira (Acts 5). Conversely, righteous figures like Joseph, Daniel, and Mordecai experienced divine recompense. The covenant promised blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28), validating this proverb's truth.

Questions for Reflection

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