Numbers 23:10

Authorized King James Version

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Who can count the dust of Jacob, and the number of the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his!

Original Language Analysis

מִ֤י H4310
מִ֤י
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 1 of 15
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
מָנָה֙ Who can count H4487
מָנָה֙ Who can count
Strong's: H4487
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, to weigh out; by implication, to allot or constitute officially; also to enumerate or enroll
עֲפַ֣ר the dust H6083
עֲפַ֣ר the dust
Strong's: H6083
Word #: 3 of 15
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב of Jacob H3290
יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב of Jacob
Strong's: H3290
Word #: 4 of 15
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
וּמִסְפָּ֖ר and the number H4557
וּמִסְפָּ֖ר and the number
Strong's: H4557
Word #: 5 of 15
a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
רֹ֣בַע of the fourth H7255
רֹ֣בַע of the fourth
Strong's: H7255
Word #: 7 of 15
a quarter
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל part of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל part of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 8 of 15
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
תָּמֹ֤ת Let me die H4191
תָּמֹ֤ת Let me die
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 9 of 15
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
נַפְשִׁי֙ H5315
נַפְשִׁי֙
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 10 of 15
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
מ֣וֹת the death H4194
מ֣וֹת the death
Strong's: H4194
Word #: 11 of 15
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
יְשָׁרִ֔ים of the righteous H3477
יְשָׁרִ֔ים of the righteous
Strong's: H3477
Word #: 12 of 15
straight (literally or figuratively)
וּתְהִ֥י H1961
וּתְהִ֥י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אַֽחֲרִיתִ֖י and let my last H319
אַֽחֲרִיתִ֖י and let my last
Strong's: H319
Word #: 14 of 15
the last or end, hence, the future; also posterity
כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ H3644
כָּמֹֽהוּ׃
Strong's: H3644
Word #: 15 of 15
as, thus, so

Cross References

Psalms 37:37Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of that man is peace.Psalms 116:15Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints.Genesis 13:16And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth: so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered.Revelation 14:13And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.2 Corinthians 5:1For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.Proverbs 14:32The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death.Genesis 28:14And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.Genesis 22:17That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;Numbers 2:31All they that were numbered in the camp of Dan were an hundred thousand and fifty and seven thousand and six hundred. They shall go hindmost with their standards.Numbers 2:9All that were numbered in the camp of Judah were an hundred thousand and fourscore thousand and six thousand and four hundred, throughout their armies. These shall first set forth.

Analysis & Commentary

Balaam declares: 'Who can count the dust of Jacob, and the number of the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his!' The promise to Abraham (descendants as numerous as dust, Gen 13:16) is acknowledged by pagan prophet. Balaam's wish to 'die the death of the righteous' revealed he knew Israel's blessed state but didn't share their covenant relationship. He wanted the righteous's end without their life. This is religious hypocrisy's essence - desiring heaven without holiness, reward without righteousness. Many want Christianity's benefits without Christ's lordship. Jesus warned about those claiming 'Lord, Lord' without doing the Father's will (Matt 7:21-23).

Historical Context

This oracle came after Balaam's first attempt to curse Israel from Bamoth-baal (v.14). The phrase 'fourth part of Israel' suggests he saw only one of Israel's four camp divisions (Num 2), yet even a quarter appeared innumerable. Balaam's wish proved ironic - he didn't die a righteous death but fell with Midian's kings in judgment for his evil counsel (Num 31:8, 16). His desire for righteous end without righteous life exemplifies those who love 'wages of unrighteousness' (2 Pet 2:15). The oracle unwillingly testified to Israel's blessing - even their enemy acknowledged God's favor on them. This foreshadows how God's enemies must ultimately acknowledge His people's blessedness in Christ.

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