Numbers 22:31

Authorized King James Version

Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and he bowed down his head, and fell flat on his face.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְגַ֣ל
opened
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
#2
יְהוָה֙
Then the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
עֵינֵ֣י
the eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#5
בִלְעָם֒
of Balaam
bilam, a place in palestine
#6
וַיַּ֞רְא
and he saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
מַלְאַ֤ךְ
the angel
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#9
יְהוָה֙
Then the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#10
נִצָּ֣ב
standing
to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#11
בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ
in the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#12
וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ
and his sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#13
שְׁלֻפָ֖ה
drawn
to pull out, up or off
#14
בְּיָד֑וֹ
in his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#15
וַיִּקֹּ֥ד
and he bowed down
to shrivel up, i.e., contract or bend the body (or neck) in deference
#16
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ
his head and fell flat
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
#17
לְאַפָּֽיו׃
on his face
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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