Numbers 21:5

Authorized King James Version

And the people spake against God, and against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? for there is no bread, neither is there any water; and our soul loatheth this light bread.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר
spake
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#2
הָעָ֗ם
And the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#3
בֵּֽאלֹהִים֮
against God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#4
וּבְמֹשֶׁה֒
and against Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#5
לָמָ֤ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#6
הֶֽעֱלִיתֻ֙נוּ֙
Wherefore have ye brought us up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#7
מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם
out of Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#8
לָמ֖וּת
to die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#9
בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר
in the wilderness
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
#10
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#11
אֵ֥ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#12
בַּלֶּ֖חֶם
bread
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
#13
וְאֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#14
מַ֔יִם
neither is there any water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#15
וְנַפְשֵׁ֣נוּ
and our soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#16
קָ֔צָה
loatheth
to be (causatively, make) disgusted or anxious
#17
בַּלֶּ֖חֶם
bread
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
#18
הַקְּלֹקֵֽל׃
this light
insubstantial

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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