Psalms 78:19

Authorized King James Version

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Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?

Original Language Analysis

וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ Yea they spake H1696
וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ Yea they spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 1 of 8
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים against God H430
בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים against God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 2 of 8
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
אָ֭מְרוּ they said H559
אָ֭מְרוּ they said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 3 of 8
to say (used with great latitude)
הֲי֣וּכַל Can H3201
הֲי֣וּכַל Can
Strong's: H3201
Word #: 4 of 8
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
אֵ֑ל God H410
אֵ֑ל God
Strong's: H410
Word #: 5 of 8
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ furnish H6186
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ furnish
Strong's: H6186
Word #: 6 of 8
to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)
שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן a table H7979
שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן a table
Strong's: H7979
Word #: 7 of 8
a table (as spread out); by implication, a meal
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ in the wilderness H4057
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ in the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 8 of 8
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

Analysis & Commentary

Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?—the rhetorical question exposes functional atheism: Israel intellectually affirmed YHWH's existence while practically doubting His ability. The phrase 'ārak šulḥān (furnish a table) means to arrange a formal banquet, not merely provide sustenance. They wanted Egyptian luxury, not covenant manna.

This doubting question contrasts sharply with David's confident declaration: 'Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies' (Psalm 23:5). What Israel thought impossible—God hosting a feast in hostile territory—becomes the believer's assured experience. Jesus transforms this wilderness table into the Eucharist, the 'true bread from heaven' (John 6:32-35) that manna only prefigured.

Historical Context

Israel's 'table in the wilderness' demand came after witnessing the Red Sea crossing, Marah's healing, manna provision, and water from rock—approximately two years of miracles. Yet abundance didn't produce faith; it exposed the heart's idolatry.

Questions for Reflection

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