Numbers 21:4

Authorized King James Version

And they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea, to compass the land of Edom: and the soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּסְע֞וּ
And they journeyed
properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
#2
מֵהֹ֤ר
Hor
hor, the name of a peak in idumaea and of one in syria
#3
הָהָר֙
from mount
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#4
בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃
because of the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#5
יַם
sea
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
#6
ס֔וּף
of the Red
a reed, especially the papyrus
#7
לִסְבֹ֖ב
to compass
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
#8
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#9
אֶ֣רֶץ
the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#10
אֱד֑וֹם
of Edom
edom, the elder twin-brother of jacob; hence the region (idumaea) occupied by him
#11
וַתִּקְצַ֥ר
was much discouraged
to dock off, i.e., curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)
#12
נֶֽפֶשׁ
and the soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#13
הָעָ֖ם
of the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#14
בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃
because of the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Numbers. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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