Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage, which dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel: let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old.
Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage (re'eh ammekha beshivtekha tson nachalatekha, רְעֵה עַמְּךָ בְשִׁבְטֶךָ צֹאן נַחֲלָתֶךָ). This prayer addresses God as Shepherd—ra'ah (רָעָה, "to shepherd/feed") indicates both feeding and leading. The shebet (שֵׁבֶט, "rod/staff") is the shepherd's tool for guiding and protecting sheep (Psalm 23:4). Nachalah (נַחֲלָה, "heritage/inheritance") recalls Israel as God's special possession (Deuteronomy 32:9).
Which dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel (shokenim levadad ya'ar betokh Karmel, שֹׁכְנִים לְבָדָד יַעַר בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמֶל). "Dwelling solitarily" (levadad) suggests isolation during exile or threat—sheep scattered and vulnerable. Yet even in the forest (danger, isolation), God can shepherd them. Carmel, known for lush vegetation, promises provision.
Let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old (yir'u Bashan veGil'ad kimei olam, יִרְעוּ בָשָׁן וְגִלְעָד כִּימֵי עוֹלָם). Bashan (east of Jordan) and Gilead were famous for rich pastures and livestock (Deuteronomy 32:14; Jeremiah 50:19). "As in days of old" recalls Israel's golden age under David/Solomon when they possessed these territories and enjoyed prosperity. The prayer asks God to restore former blessings—both territorial possession and spiritual prosperity. Christ fulfills this as the Good Shepherd (John 10:11-14) who feeds His flock and will ultimately restore all things (Acts 3:21).
Historical Context
During exile and oppression, Israel lost control of their historic grazing lands. Bashan and Gilead, once Israelite territories, were occupied by others. The prayer for restoration looked back to the united monarchy's territorial extent and forward to Messianic restoration. Jesus as the Good Shepherd provides the ultimate answer—He feeds His people spiritually (John 6:35), protects them (John 10:28), and will gather them from every nation (John 10:16). The millennial kingdom promises literal restoration of Israel's land and peace (Isaiah 11:6-9), while the New Heavens and Earth provide eternal rest for God's flock (Revelation 7:17, 21:1-4).
Questions for Reflection
How does viewing God as our Shepherd with rod and staff provide comfort during times of isolation or vulnerability?
What 'Bashan and Gilead'—places of past blessing and abundance—do you long for God to restore?
How does Jesus as the Good Shepherd fulfill and surpass Micah's prayer for Israel's restoration?
Analysis & Commentary
Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage (re'eh ammekha beshivtekha tson nachalatekha, רְעֵה עַמְּךָ בְשִׁבְטֶךָ צֹאן נַחֲלָתֶךָ). This prayer addresses God as Shepherd—ra'ah (רָעָה, "to shepherd/feed") indicates both feeding and leading. The shebet (שֵׁבֶט, "rod/staff") is the shepherd's tool for guiding and protecting sheep (Psalm 23:4). Nachalah (נַחֲלָה, "heritage/inheritance") recalls Israel as God's special possession (Deuteronomy 32:9).
Which dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel (shokenim levadad ya'ar betokh Karmel, שֹׁכְנִים לְבָדָד יַעַר בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמֶל). "Dwelling solitarily" (levadad) suggests isolation during exile or threat—sheep scattered and vulnerable. Yet even in the forest (danger, isolation), God can shepherd them. Carmel, known for lush vegetation, promises provision.
Let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old (yir'u Bashan veGil'ad kimei olam, יִרְעוּ בָשָׁן וְגִלְעָד כִּימֵי עוֹלָם). Bashan (east of Jordan) and Gilead were famous for rich pastures and livestock (Deuteronomy 32:14; Jeremiah 50:19). "As in days of old" recalls Israel's golden age under David/Solomon when they possessed these territories and enjoyed prosperity. The prayer asks God to restore former blessings—both territorial possession and spiritual prosperity. Christ fulfills this as the Good Shepherd (John 10:11-14) who feeds His flock and will ultimately restore all things (Acts 3:21).