Isaiah 49:10

Authorized King James Version

They shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun smite them: for he that hath mercy on them shall lead them, even by the springs of water shall he guide them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לֹ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#2
יִרְעָ֙בוּ֙
They shall not hunger
to hunger
#3
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
יִצְמָ֔אוּ
nor thirst
to thirst (literally or figuratively)
#5
וְלֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#6
יַכֵּ֥ם
smite
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#7
שָׁרָ֖ב
neither shall the heat
quivering glow (of the air), especially the mirage
#8
וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ
nor sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#9
כִּי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#10
מְרַחֲמָ֣ם
them for he that hath mercy
to fondle; by implication, to love, especially to compassionate
#11
יְנַהֲגֵ֔ם
on them shall lead
to drive forth (a person, an animal or chariot), also (from the panting induced by effort), to sigh
#12
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
מַבּ֥וּעֵי
them even by the springs
a fountain
#14
מַ֖יִם
of water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#15
יְנַהֲלֵֽם׃
shall he guide
properly, to run with a sparkle, i.e., flow; hence (transitively), to conduct, and (by inference) to protect, sustain

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of mercy reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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