Matthew 5:21

Authorized King James Version

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἠκούσατε
Ye have heard
to hear (in various senses)
#2
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#3
ἐῤῥέθη
it was said
to utter, i.e., speak or say
#4
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἀρχαίοις
by them of old time
original or primeval
#6
Οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#7
φονεύσῃ
Thou shalt
to be a murderer (of)
#8
ὃς
whosoever
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#9
δ'
and
but, and, etc
#10
ἂν
whatsoever
#11
φονεύσῃ
Thou shalt
to be a murderer (of)
#12
ἔνοχος
in danger
liable to (a condition, penalty or imputation)
#13
ἔσται
shall be
will be
#14
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
κρίσει
of the judgment
decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice (especially, divine law)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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