Numbers 35:12

Authorized King James Version

And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָי֨וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
לָכֶ֧ם
H0
#3
הֶֽעָרִ֛ים
And they shall be unto you cities
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#4
לְמִקְלָ֖ט
for refuge
an asylum (as a receptacle)
#5
מִגֹּאֵ֑ל
from the avenger
to redeem (according to the middle eastern law of kinship), i.e., to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his wido
#6
וְלֹ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
יָמוּת֙
die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#8
הָֽרֹצֵ֔חַ
that the manslayer
properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder
#9
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#10
עָמְד֛וֹ
not until he stand
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#11
לִפְנֵ֥י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#12
הָֽעֵדָ֖ה
the congregation
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
#13
לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃
in judgment
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Numbers. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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