Matthew 5:43

Authorized King James Version

Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἠκούσατε
Ye have heard
to hear (in various senses)
#2
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#3
ἐῤῥέθη,
it hath been said
to utter, i.e., speak or say
#4
Ἀγαπήσεις
G25
Thou shalt love
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#5
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
πλησίον
neighbour
(adverbially) close by; as noun, a neighbor, i.e., fellow (as man, countryman, christian or friend)
#7
σου
thine
of thee, thy
#8
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
μισήσεις
hate
to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less
#10
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
ἐχθρόν
enemy
hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)
#12
σου
thine
of thee, thy

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of love connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about love, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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