Matthew 14:23

Authorized King James Version

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And when he had sent the multitudes away, he went up into a mountain apart to pray: and when the evening was come, he was there alone.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 17
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀπολύσας away G630
ἀπολύσας away
Strong's: G630
Word #: 2 of 17
to free fully, i.e., (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or (figuratively) let die, pardon or (specially) divorce
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὄχλους the multitudes G3793
ὄχλους the multitudes
Strong's: G3793
Word #: 4 of 17
a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot
ἀνέβη he went up G305
ἀνέβη he went up
Strong's: G305
Word #: 5 of 17
to go up (literally or figuratively)
εἰς into G1519
εἰς into
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 6 of 17
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὄρος a mountain G3735
ὄρος a mountain
Strong's: G3735
Word #: 8 of 17
a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain)
κατ' apart G2596
κατ' apart
Strong's: G2596
Word #: 9 of 17
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
ἰδίαν G2398
ἰδίαν
Strong's: G2398
Word #: 10 of 17
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
προσεύξασθαι to pray G4336
προσεύξασθαι to pray
Strong's: G4336
Word #: 11 of 17
to pray to god, i.e., supplicate, worship
ὀψίας when the evening G3798
ὀψίας when the evening
Strong's: G3798
Word #: 12 of 17
late; feminine (as noun) afternoon (early eve) or nightfall (later eve)
δὲ and G1161
δὲ and
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 13 of 17
but, and, etc
γενομένης was come G1096
γενομένης was come
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 14 of 17
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
μόνος alone G3441
μόνος alone
Strong's: G3441
Word #: 15 of 17
remaining, i.e., sole or single; by implication, mere
ἦν he was G2258
ἦν he was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 16 of 17
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
ἐκεῖ there G1563
ἐκεῖ there
Strong's: G1563
Word #: 17 of 17
there; by extension, thither

Analysis & Commentary

'And when he had sent the multitudes away, he went up into a mountain apart to pray: and when the evening was come, he was there alone.' After intensive ministry—teaching, healing, feeding 5000, managing messianic fervor—Jesus seeks solitude for prayer. He went 'up into a mountain' (εἰς τὸ ὄρος/eis to oros), 'apart' (κατ᾽ ἰδίαν/kat' idian, privately, alone), 'to pray' (προσεύξασθαι/proseuxasthai). Reformed theology sees this demonstrating:

  1. Jesus's full humanity—He needed prayer, communion with Father
  2. Priority of prayer—even during intense ministry, He made time
  3. Solitude's necessity—effective ministry requires withdrawal for spiritual renewal
  4. Jesus's example—if He needed prayer, how much more do we? The timing—evening, after crowds departed—shows Jesus prioritizing communion with Father over rest.

Mountains were traditional prayer locations (Moses, Elijah), symbolizing nearness to God. Jesus's prayer life was constant, deliberate, essential—modeling dependence on Father despite His deity. This challenges activism valuing constant ministry over spiritual disciplines. Effective service flows from communion with God.

Historical Context

Mountains held spiritual significance in Jewish tradition: Sinai (law given), Carmel (Elijah's victory), Horeb (Elijah's encounter with God). Jesus frequently withdrew to mountains/deserted places for prayer (Matthew 14:23, Mark 1:35, Luke 5:16, 6:12, 9:28). These weren't brief prayers but extended communion—Luke records Jesus praying all night before choosing apostles (Luke 6:12). After feeding 5000 and managing crowd's kingship attempt, Jesus needed Father's perspective, strength, guidance. His prayer life demonstrates that divine power operates through dependence, not independence. Early church followed this pattern: Acts repeatedly records believers praying before major decisions, during crises, for direction. Throughout history, spiritual giants have maintained rigorous prayer disciplines: early Christians' daily hours, monastics' liturgical prayers, Reformers' prayer emphasis, Puritans' 'closet prayer,' revival leaders' intercession. The pattern holds: powerful ministry emerges from deep prayer. Modern activism often reverses this, attempting ministry without adequate communion with God.

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