Matthew 12:41

Authorized King James Version

The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἄνδρες
The men
a man (properly as an individual male)
#2
Νινευῖται
of Nineveh
a ninevite, i.e., inhabitant of nineveh
#3
ἀναστήσονται
shall rise
to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)
#4
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#5
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
κρίσει
judgment
decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice (especially, divine law)
#7
μετὰ
with
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
#8
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
γενεᾶς
generation
a generation; by implication, an age (the period or the persons)
#10
ταύτης
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
κατακρινοῦσιν
shall condemn
to judge against, i.e., sentence
#13
αὐτήν,
it
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#15
μετενόησαν
they repented
to think differently or afterwards, i.e., reconsider (morally, feel compunction)
#16
εἰς
at
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#17
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
κήρυγμα
the preaching
a proclamation (especially of the gospel; by implication, the gospel itself)
#19
Ἰωνᾶ
Jonas
jonas (i.e., jonah), the name of two israelites
#20
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
ἰδού,
behold
used as imperative lo!
#22
πλεῖον
a greater than
more in quantity, number, or quality; also (in plural) the major portion
#23
Ἰωνᾶ
Jonas
jonas (i.e., jonah), the name of two israelites
#24
ὧδε
is here
in this same spot, i.e., here or hither

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The first-century Palestinian Jewish culture under Roman occupation would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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