Matthew 12:42

Authorized King James Version

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
βασίλισσα
The queen
a queen
#2
νότου
of the south
the south(-west) wind; by extension, the southern quarter itself
#3
ἐγερθήσεται
shall rise up
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from
#4
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#5
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
κρίσει
the judgment
decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice (especially, divine law)
#7
μετὰ
with
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
#8
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
γενεᾶς
generation
a generation; by implication, an age (the period or the persons)
#10
ταύτης
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
κατακρινεῖ
shall condemn
to judge against, i.e., sentence
#13
αὐτήν,
it
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
ὅτι
for
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#15
ἦλθεν
she came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#16
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#17
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
περάτων
the uttermost parts
an extremity
#19
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
γῆς
of the earth
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)
#21
ἀκοῦσαι
to hear
to hear (in various senses)
#22
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
σοφίαν
the wisdom
wisdom (higher or lower, worldly or spiritual)
#24
Σολομῶντος
Solomon
solomon (i.e., shelomoh), the son of david
#25
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#26
ἰδού,
behold
used as imperative lo!
#27
πλεῖον
a greater than
more in quantity, number, or quality; also (in plural) the major portion
#28
Σολομῶντος
Solomon
solomon (i.e., shelomoh), the son of david
#29
ὧδε
is here
in this same spot, i.e., here or hither

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Matthew. The concept of wisdom reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to gospel presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish Messianic hope, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The first-century Palestinian Jewish culture under Roman occupation would have shaped how the original audience understood wisdom. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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