Mark 9:3

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on earth can white them.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 18
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 2 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἱμάτια raiment G2440
ἱμάτια raiment
Strong's: G2440
Word #: 3 of 18
a dress (inner or outer)
αὐτοῦ his G846
αὐτοῦ his
Strong's: G846
Word #: 4 of 18
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐγένετο became G1096
ἐγένετο became
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 5 of 18
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
στίλβοντα shining G4744
στίλβοντα shining
Strong's: G4744
Word #: 6 of 18
to gleam, i.e., flash intensely
λευκὰ white G3022
λευκὰ white
Strong's: G3022
Word #: 7 of 18
white
λίαν exceeding G3029
λίαν exceeding
Strong's: G3029
Word #: 8 of 18
much (adverbially)
ὡς as G5613
ὡς as
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 9 of 18
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
χιὼν, snow G5510
χιὼν, snow
Strong's: G5510
Word #: 10 of 18
snow
οἷα so as G3634
οἷα so as
Strong's: G3634
Word #: 11 of 18
such or what sort of (as a correlation or exclamation); especially the neuter (adverbially) with negative, not so
γναφεὺς fuller G1102
γναφεὺς fuller
Strong's: G1102
Word #: 12 of 18
a cloth-dresser
ἐπὶ on G1909
ἐπὶ on
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γῆς earth G1093
γῆς earth
Strong's: G1093
Word #: 15 of 18
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)
οὐ no G3756
οὐ no
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 16 of 18
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
δύναται can G1410
δύναται can
Strong's: G1410
Word #: 17 of 18
to be able or possible
λευκᾶναι white G3021
λευκᾶναι white
Strong's: G3021
Word #: 18 of 18
to whiten

Analysis & Commentary

Mark emphasizes the supernatural brilliance of Jesus' transfigured appearance: His garments became 'shining, exceeding white as snow' (στίλβοντα λευκὰ λίαν ὡς χιών), with such intensity that 'no fuller on earth can white them' (οἷα γναφεὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ δύναται οὕτως λευκᾶναι). A 'fuller' (gnapheus) was a launderer who bleached cloth—Mark's point is that no human process could achieve this brilliance. This supernatural whiteness signifies divine holiness, purity, and glory. White garments in Scripture symbolize righteousness (Revelation 3:4-5; 19:8) and angelic/divine presence (Daniel 7:9; Matthew 28:3). Jesus' transformed appearance revealed His essential nature as the divine Son, providing visible confirmation of Peter's confession (Mark 8:29). The glory manifested externally what was always true internally—Jesus is God incarnate, worthy of worship and absolute obedience.

Historical Context

Ancient fullers used various methods to whiten cloth: beating, washing with alkaline substances (natron, lye), sulfur fumigation, and sun-bleaching. Even the best professional laundering couldn't match the brilliance of Christ's transfigured garments, emphasizing the supernatural nature of this event. The imagery recalls Daniel 7:9, where the Ancient of Days wears garments 'white as snow,' applying divine attributes to Jesus. First-century Jewish apocalyptic literature associated brilliant white clothing with angelic and divine beings, so witnesses would immediately recognize this as a theophany. The emphasis on garments may also anticipate Christ's burial cloths left in the tomb (John 20:6-7) and His resurrection glory.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics

People

Study Resources

Bible Stories