Mark 4:38

Authorized King James Version

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And he was in the hinder part of the ship, asleep on a pillow: and they awake him, and say unto him, Master, carest thou not that we perish?

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 22
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἦν he was G2258
ἦν he was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 2 of 22
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐπὶ in G1909
ἐπὶ in
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 4 of 22
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πρύμνῃ the hinder part of the ship G4403
πρύμνῃ the hinder part of the ship
Strong's: G4403
Word #: 6 of 22
the stern of a ship
ἐπὶ in G1909
ἐπὶ in
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 7 of 22
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προσκεφάλαιον a pillow G4344
προσκεφάλαιον a pillow
Strong's: G4344
Word #: 9 of 22
something for the head, i.e., a cushion
καθεύδων asleep G2518
καθεύδων asleep
Strong's: G2518
Word #: 10 of 22
to lie down to rest, i.e., (by implication) to fall asleep (literally or figuratively)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 11 of 22
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
διεγείρουσιν they awake G1326
διεγείρουσιν they awake
Strong's: G1326
Word #: 12 of 22
to wake fully; i.e., arouse (literally or figuratively)
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 13 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 14 of 22
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
λέγουσιν say G3004
λέγουσιν say
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 15 of 22
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 16 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Διδάσκαλε Master G1320
Διδάσκαλε Master
Strong's: G1320
Word #: 17 of 22
an instructor (genitive case or specially)
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 18 of 22
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
μέλει carest G3199
μέλει carest
Strong's: G3199
Word #: 19 of 22
to be of interest to, i.e., to concern (only third person singular present indicative used impersonally, it matters)
σοι thou G4671
σοι thou
Strong's: G4671
Word #: 20 of 22
to thee
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 21 of 22
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἀπολλύμεθα we perish G622
ἀπολλύμεθα we perish
Strong's: G622
Word #: 22 of 22
to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively

Analysis & Commentary

Contrast intensifies: 'he was in the hinder part of the ship, asleep on a pillow.' While disciples panic, Jesus sleeps peacefully. The 'hinder part' (πρύμνῃ) was stern, slightly elevated—common sleeping place. 'Asleep on a pillow' (καθεύδων ἐπὶ τὸ προσκεφάλαιον) shows deep sleep despite violent storm—evidence of humanity (exhaustion) and deity (peace amid chaos). Disciples wake Him: 'Master, carest thou not that we perish?' The question reveals fear and implicit rebuke—'don't you care?' Their crisis exposed insufficient faith. They knew Jesus' power (miracles) but doubted His care. The question 'carest thou not' shows they expected action.

Historical Context

The 'pillow' (προσκεφάλαιον) was likely leather cushion used by steersman or sandbag ballast—not luxurious but functional. Sleeping during storm demonstrates either complete exhaustion or supernatural peace (or both). Fishermen's panic shows genuine danger—they faced death. Ancient world understood divine sleep during crisis: Jonah slept during storm (Jonah 1:5), contrasting faithful trust with prophetic rebellion. Jesus' sleep contrasts human fear with divine peace. Early church saw this as Christological testimony: fully human (tired, sleeping) yet fully divine (peaceful, authoritative). The disciples' rebuke shows familiarity and trust, even if faith wavered.

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