Luke 18:13

Authorized King James Version

And the publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much as his eyes unto heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God be merciful to me a sinner.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
τελώνης
the publican
a tax-farmer, i.e., collector of public revenue
#4
μακρόθεν
afar off
from a distance or afar
#5
ἑστὼς
standing
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#6
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#7
ἤθελεν
would
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
#8
οὐδὲ
so much as
not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even
#9
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ὀφθαλμοὺς
his eyes
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
#11
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#12
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
οὐρανόν
heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#14
ἐπᾶραι
lift up
to raise up (literally or figuratively)
#15
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#16
ἔτυπτεν
smote
to "thump", i.e., cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from g3817 and g3960, whic
#17
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#18
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
στῆθος
breast
the (entire external) bosom, i.e., chest
#20
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#21
λέγων,
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
θεός
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#24
ἱλάσθητί
be merciful
to conciliate, i.e., (transitively) to atone for (sin), or (intransitively) be propitious
#25
μοι
to me
to me
#26
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
ἁμαρτωλῷ
a sinner
sinful, i.e., a sinner

Analysis

Within the broader context of Luke, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Luke.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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