Luke Chapter 16 · Verse 5
So he called every one of his lord's debtors unto him, and said unto the first, How much owest thou unto my lord?
Original Language Analysis
καὶ
So
G2532
καὶ
So
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
1 of 17
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
προσκαλεσάμενος
he called
G4341
προσκαλεσάμενος
he called
Strong's:
G4341
Word #:
2 of 17
to call toward oneself, i.e., summon, invite
τῶν
G3588
τῶν
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
5 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τοῦ
G3588
τοῦ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
7 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κυρίῳ
lord
G2962
κυρίῳ
lord
Strong's:
G2962
Word #:
8 of 17
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
ἑαυτοῦ
of his
G1438
ἑαυτοῦ
of his
Strong's:
G1438
Word #:
9 of 17
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
ἔλεγεν
unto him and said
G3004
ἔλεγεν
unto him and said
Strong's:
G3004
Word #:
10 of 17
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
τῷ
G3588
τῷ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
11 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πρώτῳ
unto the first
G4413
πρώτῳ
unto the first
Strong's:
G4413
Word #:
12 of 17
foremost (in time, place, order or importance)
Πόσον
How much
G4214
Πόσον
How much
Strong's:
G4214
Word #:
13 of 17
interrogative pronoun (of amount) how much (large, long or (plural) many)
ὀφείλεις
owest thou
G3784
ὀφείλεις
owest thou
Strong's:
G3784
Word #:
14 of 17
to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively, to be under obligation (ought, must, should); morally, to fail in duty
τῷ
G3588
τῷ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
15 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Historical Context
First-century Palestinian economy operated heavily on credit and debt. Landowners loaned seed, oil, and equipment to tenant farmers, who repaid with portions of their harvest. Stewards managed these accounts and could charge commissions. The amounts mentioned—"a hundred measures of oil" (likely 875 gallons) and "a hundred measures of wheat" (likely 1,000 bushels)—represent major agricultural commodities. Such debts could burden families for years. The steward's reductions would create profound gratitude and obligation, ensuring the debtors would remember and repay his 'kindness' with hospitality when he needed it.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the steward's systematic approach to securing his future illustrate the intentionality Christians should show in eternal investments?
- What does the steward's use of his remaining authority while he has it teach about redeeming the time and using present opportunities?
- In what ways can believers strategically use their current resources (time, money, influence) to build relationships with eternal significance?
Analysis & Commentary
So he called every one of his lord's debtors unto him, and said unto the first, How much owest thou unto my lord? The steward begins executing his plan with urgency—the verb "called" (προσκαλεσάμενος, proskalesamenos, aorist middle participle) suggests he summoned them quickly, exploiting his remaining authority before dismissal becomes public. The phrase "every one" (ἕνα ἕκαστον, hena hekaston) indicates systematic action—he's not helping one or two but creating multiple beneficiaries who will feel obligated to assist him.
His question "How much owest thou unto my lord?" (πόσον ὀφείλεις τῷ κυρίῳ μου, poson opheileis tō kyriō mou) establishes the debt officially—this is recorded business, not casual inquiry. By referencing "my lord" (τῷ κυρίῳ μου), he maintains his steward identity, acting while he still has authority. The following reductions (vv. 6-7)—fifty measures of oil, twenty measures of wheat—were substantial, representing significant financial relief to the debtors. Whether the steward was forgiving his own commission or actually defrauding his master is ambiguous; some scholars suggest stewards built their own fees into loan contracts, making the reductions legitimate though self-sacrificial. Either way, the steward uses present resources strategically to secure future benefit—the precise lesson Jesus draws in verse 9.