Leviticus 5:7

Authorized King James Version

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And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 22
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לֹ֨א H3808
לֹ֨א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַגִּ֣יע to bring H5060
תַגִּ֣יע to bring
Strong's: H5060
Word #: 3 of 22
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
יָדוֹ֮ And if he H3027
יָדוֹ֮ And if he
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 4 of 22
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
דֵּ֣י be not able H1767
דֵּ֣י be not able
Strong's: H1767
Word #: 5 of 22
enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrases
שֶׂה֒ a lamb H7716
שֶׂה֒ a lamb
Strong's: H7716
Word #: 6 of 22
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
וְהֵבִ֨יא then he shall bring H935
וְהֵבִ֨יא then he shall bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 7 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשָׁמ֜וֹ his trespass H817
אֲשָׁמ֜וֹ his trespass
Strong's: H817
Word #: 9 of 22
guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 10 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
חָטָ֗א which he hath committed H2398
חָטָ֗א which he hath committed
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 11 of 22
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
שְׁנֵ֥י or two H8147
שְׁנֵ֥י or two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 12 of 22
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
תֹרִ֛ים turtledoves H8449
תֹרִ֛ים turtledoves
Strong's: H8449
Word #: 13 of 22
a ring-dove, often (figuratively) as a term of endearment
אֽוֹ H176
אֽוֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 14 of 22
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
שְׁנֵ֥י or two H8147
שְׁנֵ֥י or two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 15 of 22
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
בְנֵֽי young H1121
בְנֵֽי young
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 16 of 22
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יוֹנָ֖ה pigeons H3123
יוֹנָ֖ה pigeons
Strong's: H3123
Word #: 17 of 22
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
לַֽיהוָ֑ה unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָ֑ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 18 of 22
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְאֶחָ֥ד and the other H259
וְאֶחָ֥ד and the other
Strong's: H259
Word #: 19 of 22
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְחַטָּ֖את for a sin offering H2403
לְחַטָּ֖את for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 20 of 22
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
וְאֶחָ֥ד and the other H259
וְאֶחָ֥ד and the other
Strong's: H259
Word #: 21 of 22
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְעֹלָֽה׃ for a burnt offering H5930
לְעֹלָֽה׃ for a burnt offering
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 22 of 22
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)

Analysis & Commentary

And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

This verse falls within the section on Guilt Offerings. The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Archaeological discoveries at sites like Ugarit reveal Canaanite religious practices Israel's laws explicitly rejected, confirming the Bible's historical reliability and the distinctiveness of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

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