Leviticus 12:8

Authorized King James Version

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And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for her, and she shall be clean.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 21
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לֹ֨א H3808
לֹ֨א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תִמְצָ֣א And if she be not able to bring H4672
תִמְצָ֣א And if she be not able to bring
Strong's: H4672
Word #: 3 of 21
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
יָדָהּ֮ H3027
יָדָהּ֮
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 4 of 21
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
דֵּ֣י H1767
דֵּ֣י
Strong's: H1767
Word #: 5 of 21
enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrases
שֶׂה֒ a lamb H7716
שֶׂה֒ a lamb
Strong's: H7716
Word #: 6 of 21
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
וְלָֽקְחָ֣ה then she shall bring H3947
וְלָֽקְחָ֣ה then she shall bring
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 7 of 21
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
שְׁנֵי֙ two H8147
שְׁנֵי֙ two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 8 of 21
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
תֹרִ֗ים turtles H8449
תֹרִ֗ים turtles
Strong's: H8449
Word #: 9 of 21
a ring-dove, often (figuratively) as a term of endearment
א֤וֹ H176
א֤וֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 10 of 21
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
שְׁנֵי֙ two H8147
שְׁנֵי֙ two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 11 of 21
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
בְּנֵ֣י or two young H1121
בְּנֵ֣י or two young
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 12 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יוֹנָ֔ה pigeons H3123
יוֹנָ֔ה pigeons
Strong's: H3123
Word #: 13 of 21
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
וְאֶחָ֣ד and the other H259
וְאֶחָ֣ד and the other
Strong's: H259
Word #: 14 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְעֹלָ֖ה for the burnt offering H5930
לְעֹלָ֖ה for the burnt offering
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 15 of 21
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
וְאֶחָ֣ד and the other H259
וְאֶחָ֣ד and the other
Strong's: H259
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְחַטָּ֑את for a sin offering H2403
לְחַטָּ֑את for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 17 of 21
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
וְכִפֶּ֥ר shall make an atonement H3722
וְכִפֶּ֥ר shall make an atonement
Strong's: H3722
Word #: 18 of 21
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
עָלֶ֛יהָ H5921
עָלֶ֛יהָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 19 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַכֹּהֵ֖ן and the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֖ן and the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 20 of 21
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וְטָהֵֽרָה׃ for her and she shall be clean H2891
וְטָהֵֽרָה׃ for her and she shall be clean
Strong's: H2891
Word #: 21 of 21
to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated; levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy)

Analysis & Commentary

And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for her, and she shall be clean.

This verse falls within the section on Purification After Childbirth. Regulations for ritual purification following childbirth, acknowledging both the blessing of life and effects of the fall.

The Hebrew word kaphar (כָּפַר) means 'to cover' or 'to make atonement.' The sacrificial system provided temporary covering for sin, pointing forward to Christ's perfect, once-for-all sacrifice. The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice. Ritual purity laws taught Israel to distinguish between clean and unclean, holy and common, training them in discernment and reverence for God's presence.
Every sacrifice and ritual in Leviticus points forward to Jesus Christ, who fulfills the entire sacrificial system as both perfect sacrifice and eternal high priest.

Historical Context

Regulations for ritual purification following childbirth, acknowledging both the blessing of life and effects of the fall. Chapters 11-15 address ritual purity, teaching Israel to distinguish clean from unclean. These laws served multiple purposes: promoting health, teaching spiritual lessons about sin's defilement, and separating Israel from pagan practices. Archaeological evidence shows Canaanite worship involved practices Israel's laws explicitly prohibited. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. The tabernacle's design parallels ancient Near Eastern temple architecture, yet its portable nature and absence of divine images distinguished it from pagan temples.

Questions for Reflection

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