Leviticus 5:1

Authorized King James Version

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And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity.

Original Language Analysis

וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ And if a soul H5315
וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ And if a soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 1 of 17
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 2 of 17
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
תֶחֱטָ֗א sin H2398
תֶחֱטָ֗א sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 3 of 17
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ and hear H8085
וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ and hear
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 4 of 17
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
ק֣וֹל the voice H6963
ק֣וֹל the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 5 of 17
a voice or sound
אָלָ֔ה of swearing H423
אָלָ֔ה of swearing
Strong's: H423
Word #: 6 of 17
an imprecation
וְה֣וּא H1931
וְה֣וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 7 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
עֵ֔ד and is a witness H5707
עֵ֔ד and is a witness
Strong's: H5707
Word #: 8 of 17
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
א֣וֹ whether H176
א֣וֹ whether
Strong's: H176
Word #: 9 of 17
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
רָאָ֖ה he hath seen H7200
רָאָ֖ה he hath seen
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 10 of 17
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
א֣וֹ whether H176
א֣וֹ whether
Strong's: H176
Word #: 11 of 17
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
יָדָ֑ע or known H3045
יָדָ֑ע or known
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 12 of 17
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 13 of 17
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
ל֥וֹא H3808
ל֥וֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 17
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יַגִּ֖יד of it if he do not utter H5046
יַגִּ֖יד of it if he do not utter
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 15 of 17
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
וְנָשָׂ֥א it then he shall bear H5375
וְנָשָׂ֥א it then he shall bear
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 16 of 17
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
עֲוֹנֽוֹ׃ his iniquity H5771
עֲוֹנֽוֹ׃ his iniquity
Strong's: H5771
Word #: 17 of 17
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil

Cross References

Leviticus 5:17And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.Proverbs 29:24Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth cursing, and bewrayeth it not.Matthew 26:63But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.Leviticus 19:8Therefore every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the hallowed thing of the LORD: and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.Leviticus 7:18And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.Ezekiel 18:4Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.1 Kings 8:31If any man trespass against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house:Leviticus 20:17And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness; it is a wicked thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.Leviticus 17:16But if he wash them not, nor bathe his flesh; then he shall bear his iniquity.Numbers 9:13But the man that is clean, and is not in a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, even the same soul shall be cut off from among his people: because he brought not the offering of the LORD in his appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

Analysis & Commentary

And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity.

This verse falls within the section on Guilt Offerings. The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage.


The holiness demanded in Leviticus becomes possible through Christ, who both satisfies God's righteous requirements and transforms believers by His Spirit.

Historical Context

The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. The tabernacle's design parallels ancient Near Eastern temple architecture, yet its portable nature and absence of divine images distinguished it from pagan temples.

Questions for Reflection

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