Leviticus 14:21

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, and a log of oil;

Original Language Analysis

וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 21
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
דַּ֣ל And if he be poor H1800
דַּ֣ל And if he be poor
Strong's: H1800
Word #: 2 of 21
properly, dangling, i.e., (by implication) weak or thin
ה֗וּא H1931
ה֗וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 3 of 21
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וְאֵ֣ין H369
וְאֵ֣ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 4 of 21
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
יָדוֹ֮ and cannot get H3027
יָדוֹ֮ and cannot get
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 21
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ H5381
מַשֶּׂגֶת֒
Strong's: H5381
Word #: 6 of 21
to reach (literally or figuratively)
וְ֠לָקַח so much then he shall take H3947
וְ֠לָקַח so much then he shall take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 7 of 21
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
כֶּ֣בֶשׂ lamb H3532
כֶּ֣בֶשׂ lamb
Strong's: H3532
Word #: 8 of 21
a ram (just old enough to butt)
אֶחָ֨ד for him and one H259
אֶחָ֨ד for him and one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 9 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
אָשָׁ֛ם for a trespass offering H817
אָשָׁ֛ם for a trespass offering
Strong's: H817
Word #: 10 of 21
guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering
לִתְנוּפָ֖ה to be waved H8573
לִתְנוּפָ֖ה to be waved
Strong's: H8573
Word #: 11 of 21
a brandishing (in threat); by implication, tumult; specifically, the official undulation of sacrificial offerings
לְכַפֵּ֣ר to make an atonement H3722
לְכַפֵּ֣ר to make an atonement
Strong's: H3722
Word #: 12 of 21
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
עָלָ֑יו H5921
עָלָ֑יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 13 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן tenth deal H6241
וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן tenth deal
Strong's: H6241
Word #: 14 of 21
(fractional) a tenth part
סֹ֜לֶת of fine flour H5560
סֹ֜לֶת of fine flour
Strong's: H5560
Word #: 15 of 21
flour (as chipped off)
אֶחָ֨ד for him and one H259
אֶחָ֨ד for him and one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
בָּל֥וּל mingled H1101
בָּל֥וּל mingled
Strong's: H1101
Word #: 17 of 21
to overflow (specifically with oil.); by implication, to mix; to fodder
שָֽׁמֶן׃ of oil H8081
שָֽׁמֶן׃ of oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 18 of 21
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
לְמִנְחָ֖ה for a meat offering H4503
לְמִנְחָ֖ה for a meat offering
Strong's: H4503
Word #: 19 of 21
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
וְלֹ֥ג and a log H3849
וְלֹ֥ג and a log
Strong's: H3849
Word #: 20 of 21
a log or measure for liquids
שָֽׁמֶן׃ of oil H8081
שָֽׁמֶן׃ of oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 21 of 21
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness

Analysis & Commentary

And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, and a log of oil;

This verse falls within the section on Cleansing from Skin Diseases. Elaborate cleansing ritual for healed lepers, involving birds, blood, and multiple offerings, symbolizing restoration.

The Hebrew word kaphar (כָּפַר) means 'to cover' or 'to make atonement.' The sacrificial system provided temporary covering for sin, pointing forward to Christ's perfect, once-for-all sacrifice. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
Every sacrifice and ritual in Leviticus points forward to Jesus Christ, who fulfills the entire sacrificial system as both perfect sacrifice and eternal high priest.

Historical Context

Elaborate cleansing ritual for healed lepers, involving birds, blood, and multiple offerings, symbolizing restoration. Chapters 11-15 address ritual purity, teaching Israel to distinguish clean from unclean. These laws served multiple purposes: promoting health, teaching spiritual lessons about sin's defilement, and separating Israel from pagan practices. Archaeological evidence shows Canaanite worship involved practices Israel's laws explicitly prohibited. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient texts like the Code of Hammurabi show that law codes were common in the ancient Near East, but biblical law uniquely grounded ethics in God's character rather than merely social convention.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Study Resources