Leviticus 10:16

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses diligently sought the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burnt: and he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron which were left alive, saying,

Original Language Analysis

וְאֵ֣ת׀ H853
וְאֵ֣ת׀
Strong's: H853
Word #: 1 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שְׂעִ֣יר the goat H8163
שְׂעִ֣יר the goat
Strong's: H8163
Word #: 2 of 17
shaggy; as noun, a he-goat; by analogy, a faun
הַֽחַטָּ֗את of the sin offering H2403
הַֽחַטָּ֗את of the sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 3 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
דָּרַ֛שׁ diligently H1875
דָּרַ֛שׁ diligently
Strong's: H1875
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by implication, to seek or ask; specifically to worship
דָּרַ֛שׁ diligently H1875
דָּרַ֛שׁ diligently
Strong's: H1875
Word #: 5 of 17
properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by implication, to seek or ask; specifically to worship
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 6 of 17
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
וְהִנֵּ֣ה H2009
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 7 of 17
lo!
שֹׂרָ֑ף and behold it was burnt H8313
שֹׂרָ֑ף and behold it was burnt
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 8 of 17
to be (causatively, set) on fire
וַ֠יִּקְצֹף and he was angry H7107
וַ֠יִּקְצֹף and he was angry
Strong's: H7107
Word #: 9 of 17
to crack off, i.e., (figuratively) burst out in rage
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֶלְעָזָ֤ר with Eleazar H499
אֶלְעָזָ֤ר with Eleazar
Strong's: H499
Word #: 11 of 17
elazar, the name of seven israelites
וְעַל H5921
וְעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אִֽיתָמָר֙ and Ithamar H385
אִֽיתָמָר֙ and Ithamar
Strong's: H385
Word #: 13 of 17
ithamar, a son of aaron
בְּנֵ֣י the sons H1121
בְּנֵ֣י the sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 14 of 17
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן of Aaron H175
אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן of Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 15 of 17
aharon, the brother of moses
הַנּֽוֹתָרִ֖ם which were left H3498
הַנּֽוֹתָרִ֖ם which were left
Strong's: H3498
Word #: 16 of 17
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve
לֵאמֹֽר׃ alive saying H559
לֵאמֹֽר׃ alive saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 17 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)

Analysis & Commentary

And Moses diligently sought the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burnt: and he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron which were left alive, saying,

This verse falls within the section on Nadab and Abihu's Unauthorized Fire. The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
What Leviticus portrayed through types and shadows, Christ fulfilled in reality through His incarnation, perfect life, atoning death, and resurrection.

Historical Context

The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly. Chapters 8-10 describe the priesthood's consecration and early ministry. Aaron and his sons received special anointing for their mediatorial role between God and Israel. The tragic account of Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) demonstrates that approaching God requires reverence and obedience. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. The Israelite dietary laws in Leviticus 11 have no exact parallel in surrounding cultures, though some ancient cultures had food taboos, suggesting unique revelation rather than borrowed customs.

Questions for Reflection

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