Leviticus 10:17

Authorized King James Version

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Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, seeing it is most holy, and God hath given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before the LORD?

Original Language Analysis

מַדּ֗וּעַ H4069
מַדּ֗וּעַ
Strong's: H4069
Word #: 1 of 22
what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם Wherefore have ye not eaten H398
אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם Wherefore have ye not eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 3 of 22
to eat (literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַֽחַטָּאת֙ the sin offering H2403
הַֽחַטָּאת֙ the sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 5 of 22
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
בִּמְק֣וֹם place H4725
בִּמְק֣וֹם place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 6 of 22
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy H6944
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 7 of 22
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
כִּ֛י H3588
כִּ֛י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 22
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy H6944
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 9 of 22
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy H6944
קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים holy
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 10 of 22
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
הִ֑וא H1931
הִ֑וא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 11 of 22
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וְאֹתָ֣הּ׀ H853
וְאֹתָ֣הּ׀
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נָתַ֣ן and God hath given H5414
נָתַ֣ן and God hath given
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 13 of 22
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָכֶ֗ם H0
לָכֶ֗ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 22
לָשֵׂאת֙ it you to bear H5375
לָשֵׂאת֙ it you to bear
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 15 of 22
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֲוֹ֣ן the iniquity H5771
עֲוֹ֣ן the iniquity
Strong's: H5771
Word #: 17 of 22
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
הָֽעֵדָ֔ה of the congregation H5712
הָֽעֵדָ֔ה of the congregation
Strong's: H5712
Word #: 18 of 22
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
לְכַפֵּ֥ר to make atonement H3722
לְכַפֵּ֥ר to make atonement
Strong's: H3722
Word #: 19 of 22
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם H5921
עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
לִפְנֵ֥י for them before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י for them before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 21 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 22 of 22
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, seeing it is most holy, and God hath given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before the LORD?

This verse falls within the section on Nadab and Abihu's Unauthorized Fire. The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly.

The central theme of Leviticus is God's holiness and the call for His people to be holy. The Hebrew word qadosh (קָדוֹשׁ) means 'set apart' or 'sacred,' emphasizing both separation from sin and consecration to God's purposes. The Hebrew word kaphar (כָּפַר) means 'to cover' or 'to make atonement.' The sacrificial system provided temporary covering for sin, pointing forward to Christ's perfect, once-for-all sacrifice. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The holiness demanded in Leviticus becomes possible through Christ, who both satisfies God's righteous requirements and transforms believers by His Spirit.

Historical Context

The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly. Chapters 8-10 describe the priesthood's consecration and early ministry. Aaron and his sons received special anointing for their mediatorial role between God and Israel. The tragic account of Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) demonstrates that approaching God requires reverence and obedience. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. The Israelite dietary laws in Leviticus 11 have no exact parallel in surrounding cultures, though some ancient cultures had food taboos, suggesting unique revelation rather than borrowed customs.

Questions for Reflection

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