Leviticus 10:15

Authorized King James Version

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The heave shoulder and the wave breast shall they bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before the LORD; and it shall be thine, and thy sons' with thee, by a statute for ever; as the LORD hath commanded.

Original Language Analysis

שׁ֣וֹק shoulder H7785
שׁ֣וֹק shoulder
Strong's: H7785
Word #: 1 of 21
the (lower) leg (as a runner)
הַתְּרוּמָ֞ה The heave H8641
הַתְּרוּמָ֞ה The heave
Strong's: H8641
Word #: 2 of 21
a present (as offered up), especially in sacrifice or as tribute
וַֽחֲזֵ֣ה breast H2373
וַֽחֲזֵ֣ה breast
Strong's: H2373
Word #: 3 of 21
the breast (as most seen in front)
תְּנוּפָ֖ה and the wave H8573
תְּנוּפָ֖ה and the wave
Strong's: H8573
Word #: 4 of 21
a brandishing (in threat); by implication, tumult; specifically, the official undulation of sacrificial offerings
עַ֣ל H5921
עַ֣ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אִשֵּׁ֤י with the offerings made by fire H801
אִשֵּׁ֤י with the offerings made by fire
Strong's: H801
Word #: 6 of 21
properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
הַֽחֲלָבִים֙ of the fat H2459
הַֽחֲלָבִים֙ of the fat
Strong's: H2459
Word #: 7 of 21
fat, whether literally or figuratively; hence, the richest or choice part
יָבִ֔יאוּ shall they bring H935
יָבִ֔יאוּ shall they bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 8 of 21
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
לְהָנִ֥יף to wave H5130
לְהָנִ֥יף to wave
Strong's: H5130
Word #: 9 of 21
to quiver (i.e., vibrate up and down, or rock to and fro); used in a great variety of applications (including sprinkling, beckoning, rubbing, bastinad
תְּנוּפָ֖ה and the wave H8573
תְּנוּפָ֖ה and the wave
Strong's: H8573
Word #: 10 of 21
a brandishing (in threat); by implication, tumult; specifically, the official undulation of sacrificial offerings
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 11 of 21
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָֽה׃ as the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ as the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 21
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְהָיָ֨ה H1961
וְהָיָ֨ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לְךָ֜ H0
לְךָ֜
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 21
וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ and it shall be thine and thy sons H1121
וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ and it shall be thine and thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 15 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אִתְּךָ֙ H854
אִתְּךָ֙
Strong's: H854
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
לְחָק with thee by a statute H2706
לְחָק with thee by a statute
Strong's: H2706
Word #: 17 of 21
an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)
עוֹלָ֔ם for ever H5769
עוֹלָ֔ם for ever
Strong's: H5769
Word #: 18 of 21
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 19 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
צִוָּ֥ה hath commanded H6680
צִוָּ֥ה hath commanded
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 20 of 21
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
יְהוָֽה׃ as the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ as the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 21 of 21
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

The heave shoulder and the wave breast shall they bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before the LORD; and it shall be thine, and thy sons' with thee, by a statute for ever; as the LORD hath commanded.

This verse falls within the section on Nadab and Abihu's Unauthorized Fire. The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly. Chapters 8-10 describe the priesthood's consecration and early ministry. Aaron and his sons received special anointing for their mediatorial role between God and Israel. The tragic account of Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) demonstrates that approaching God requires reverence and obedience. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Ancient sacrificial texts from cultures surrounding Israel demonstrate the widespread practice of animal sacrifice, but Israel's system uniquely emphasized moral atonement over magical efficacy.

Questions for Reflection

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