John 6:52

Authorized King James Version

The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this man give us his flesh to eat?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἐμάχοντο
strove
to war, i.e., (figuratively) to quarrel, dispute
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
πρὸς
among
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#4
ἀλλήλους
themselves
one another
#5
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Ἰουδαῖοι
The Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#7
λέγοντες
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#8
Πῶς
How
an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!
#9
δύναται
can
to be able or possible
#10
οὗτος
this man
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#11
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#12
δοῦναι
give
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#13
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
σάρκα
his flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#15
φαγεῖν
to eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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