John 5:10

Authorized King James Version

The Jews therefore said unto him that was cured, It is the sabbath day: it is not lawful for thee to carry thy bed.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἔλεγον
said
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰουδαῖοι
The Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#5
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
τεθεραπευμένῳ
unto him that was cured
to wait upon menially, i.e., (figuratively) to adore (god), or (specially) to relieve (of disease)
#7
Σάββατόν
the sabbath day
the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,
#8
ἐστιν
It is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#9
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#10
ἔξεστίν
it is
so also ???? <pronunciation strongs="ex-on'"/> neuter present participle of the same (with or without some form of g1510 expressed); impersonally, it
#11
σοι
for thee
to thee
#12
ἆραι
to carry
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
#13
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
κράββατον
thy bed
a mattress

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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