John 5:16

Authorized King James Version

And therefore did the Jews persecute Jesus, and sought to slay him, because he had done these things on the sabbath day.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
διὰ
therefore
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#3
τοῦτο
that thing
#4
ἐδίωκον
did
compare the base of g1169 and g1249); to pursue (literally or figuratively); by implication, to persecute
#5
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#7
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
Ἰουδαῖοι
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#9
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
ἐζήτουν
sought
to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by hebraism) to worship (god), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
#11
αὐτὸν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#12
ἀποκτεῖναι,
to slay
to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy
#13
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#14
ταῦτα
these things
these things
#15
ἐποίει
he had done
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#16
ἐν
on
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#17
σαββάτῳ
the sabbath day
the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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