John 19:13

Authorized King James Version

When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
Πιλᾶτος
When Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#4
ἀκούσας
heard
to hear (in various senses)
#5
τοῦτον
that
this (person, as objective of verb or preposition)
#6
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
λογὸν,
saying
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
#8
ἤγαγεν
G71
he brought
properly, to lead; by implication, to bring, drive, (reflexively) go, (specially) pass (time), or (figuratively) induce
#9
ἔξω
forth
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively
#10
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#12
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
ἐκάθισεν
sat down
to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)
#14
ἐπὶ
in
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#15
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
βήματος
the judgment seat
a step, i.e., foot-breath; by implication, a rostrum, i.e., a tribunal
#17
εἰς
in
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#18
τόπον
a place
a spot (general in space, but limited by occupancy; whereas g5561 is a large but participle locality), i.e., location (as a position, home, tract, etc
#19
λεγόμενον
that is called
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#20
Λιθόστρωτον
the Pavement
stone-strewed, i.e., a tessellated mosaic on which the roman tribunal was placed
#21
Ἑβραϊστὶ
in the Hebrew
hebraistically or in the jewish (chaldee) language
#22
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#23
Γαββαθα
Gabbatha
the knoll; gabbatha, a vernacular term for the roman tribunal in jerusalem

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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