John 19:12

Authorized King James Version

And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar's friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐκ
And from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#2
τούτου
thenceforth
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)
#3
ἐζήτει
sought
to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by hebraism) to worship (god), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
Πιλᾶτος
Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#6
ἀπολύσῃς
go
to free fully, i.e., (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or (figuratively) let die, pardon or (specially) divorce
#7
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#8
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#10
Ἰουδαῖοι
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#11
ἔκραζον
cried out
properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e., (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat)
#12
λέγοντες
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#13
Ἐὰν
If
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#14
τοῦτον
this man
this (person, as objective of verb or preposition)
#15
ἀπολύσῃς
go
to free fully, i.e., (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or (figuratively) let die, pardon or (specially) divorce
#16
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#17
εἶ
thou art
thou art
#18
φίλος
friend
actively, fond, i.e., friendly (still as a noun, an associate, neighbor, etc.)
#19
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
Καίσαρι
Caesar
caesar, a title of the roman emperor
#21
πᾶς
whosoever
all, any, every, the whole
#22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
βασιλέα
a king
a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)
#24
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#25
ποιῶν
maketh
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#26
ἀντιλέγει
speaketh against
to dispute, refuse
#27
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#28
Καίσαρι
Caesar
caesar, a title of the roman emperor

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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