John 13:37

Authorized King James Version

Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
λέγει
said
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
αὐτῷ
unto him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Πέτρος
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#5
Κύριε
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#6
διατί
why
through what cause ?, i.e., why?
#7
οὐ
cannot
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#8
δύναμαί
to be able or possible
#9
σοι
thee
to thee
#10
ἀκολουθῆσαι
I follow
properly, to be in the same way with, i.e., to accompany (specially, as a disciple)
#11
ἄρτι
now
just now
#12
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ψυχήν
life
breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh
#14
μου
my
of me
#15
ὑπὲρ
for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#16
σοῦ
thy sake
of thee, thy
#17
θήσω
I will lay down
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to John. The concept of life reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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