John 13:10

Authorized King James Version

Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
αὐτῷ
to him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
λελουμένος
He that is washed
to bathe (the whole person; whereas g3538 means to wet a part only, and g4150 to wash, cleanse garments exclusively)
#7
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#8
χρείαν
needeth
employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution
#9
ἔχει
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#10
save
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#11
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
πόδας
his feet
a "foot" (figuratively or literally)
#13
νίψασθαι
to wash
to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution
#14
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#15
ἔστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#16
καθαροί
clean
clean (literally or figuratively)
#17
ὅλος·
every whit
"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb
#18
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#19
ὑμεῖς
ye
you (as subjective of verb)
#20
καθαροί
clean
clean (literally or figuratively)
#21
ἐστε
are
ye are
#22
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#23
οὐχὶ
not
not indeed
#24
πάντες
all
all, any, every, the whole

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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