John 12:1

Authorized King James Version

Then Jesus six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#4
πρὸ
before
"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
#5
ἓξ
six
six
#6
ἡμερῶν
days
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#7
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
πάσχα
the passover
the passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
#9
ἦλθεν
came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#10
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#11
Βηθανίαν
Bethany
date-house; beth-any, a place in palestine
#12
ὅπου
where
what(-ever) where, i.e., at whichever spot
#13
ἦν
was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#14
Λάζαρος
Lazarus
lazarus (i.e., elazar), the name of two israelites
#15
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
τεθνηκώς,
had been dead
to die (literally or figuratively)
#17
ὃν
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#18
ἤγειρεν
he raised
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from
#19
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#20
νεκρῶν
the dead
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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