John 11:1

Authorized King James Version

Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἦν
man was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#2
δέ
Now
but, and, etc
#3
τις
a certain
some or any person or object
#4
ἀσθενῶν
sick
to be feeble (in any sense)
#5
Λάζαρος
named Lazarus
lazarus (i.e., elazar), the name of two israelites
#6
ἀπὸ
of
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#7
Βηθανίας
Bethany
date-house; beth-any, a place in palestine
#8
ἐκ
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#9
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
κώμης
the town
a hamlet (as if laid down)
#11
Μαρίας
of Mary
maria or mariam (i.e., mirjam), the name of six christian females
#12
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
Μάρθας
Martha
martha, a christian woman
#14
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
ἀδελφῆς
G79
sister
a sister (naturally or ecclesiastically)
#16
αὐτῆς
her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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