John 11:21

Authorized King James Version

Then said Martha unto Jesus, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἶπεν
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Μάρθα
Martha
martha, a christian woman
#5
πρὸς
unto
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#6
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#8
Κύριε
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#9
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#10
ἦς
thou hadst been
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#11
ὧδε
here
in this same spot, i.e., here or hither
#12
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ἀδελφός
G80
brother
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#14
μου·
my
of me
#15
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#16
ἂν
whatsoever
#17
ἐτεθνήκει
died
to die (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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