John 1:19

Authorized King James Version

And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
αὕτη
this
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#3
ἐστὶν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
μαρτυρία
the record
evidence given (judicially or genitive case)
#6
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
Ἰωάννου
of John
joannes (i.e., jochanan), the name of four israelites
#8
ὅτε
when
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
#9
ἀπέστειλαν
sent
set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively
#10
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
Ἰουδαῖοι
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#12
ἐξ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#13
Ἱεροσολύμων
Jerusalem
hierosolyma (i.e., jerushalaim), the capitol of palestine
#14
ἱερεῖς
priests
a priest (literally or figuratively)
#15
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
Λευίτας
Levites
a levite, i.e., descendant of levi
#17
ἵνα
to
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#18
ἐρωτήσωσιν
ask
to interrogate; by implication, to request
#19
αὐτὸν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#20
Σὺ
thou
thou
#21
τίς
Who
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#22
εἶ
art
thou art

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to John's theological argument.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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