John 10:24

Authorized King James Version

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Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly.

Original Language Analysis

ἐκύκλωσαν came G2944
ἐκύκλωσαν came
Strong's: G2944
Word #: 1 of 22
to encircle, i.e., surround
οὖν Then G3767
οὖν Then
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 2 of 22
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Ἰουδαῖοι the Jews G2453
Ἰουδαῖοι the Jews
Strong's: G2453
Word #: 5 of 22
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 6 of 22
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἔλεγον said G3004
ἔλεγον said
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 7 of 22
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτῷ him G846
αὐτῷ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 8 of 22
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Ἕως How long G2193
Ἕως How long
Strong's: G2193
Word #: 9 of 22
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
πότε G4219
πότε
Strong's: G4219
Word #: 10 of 22
interrogative adverb, at what time
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ψυχὴν to doubt G5590
ψυχὴν to doubt
Strong's: G5590
Word #: 12 of 22
breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh
ἡμῶν us G2257
ἡμῶν us
Strong's: G2257
Word #: 13 of 22
of (or from) us
αἴρεις dost thou make G142
αἴρεις dost thou make
Strong's: G142
Word #: 14 of 22
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
εἰ If G1487
εἰ If
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 15 of 22
if, whether, that, etc
σὺ thou G4771
σὺ thou
Strong's: G4771
Word #: 16 of 22
thou
εἶ be G1488
εἶ be
Strong's: G1488
Word #: 17 of 22
thou art
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Χριστός the Christ G5547
Χριστός the Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 19 of 22
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
εἰπὲ tell G2036
εἰπὲ tell
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 20 of 22
to speak or say (by word or writing)
ἡμῖν us G2254
ἡμῖν us
Strong's: G2254
Word #: 21 of 22
to (or for, with, by) us
παῤῥησίᾳ plainly G3954
παῤῥησίᾳ plainly
Strong's: G3954
Word #: 22 of 22
all out-spokenness, i.e., frankness, bluntness, publicity; by implication, assurance

Analysis & Commentary

Then came the Jews round about him—The verb "came round about" (ἐκύκλωσαν/ekyklōsan) means to encircle or surround, suggesting an aggressive posture. This isn't a friendly inquiry but a confrontation. The crowd forms a ring, perhaps to prevent escape or to create a public spectacle. The atmosphere is hostile, not curious.

How long dost thou make us to doubt?—The Greek phrase τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις (tēn psychēn hēmōn aireis) literally means "How long will you take away our soul/life?" or "hold our soul in suspense?" The idiomatic meaning is "How long will you keep us in doubt?" But the literal wording is ironic—they accuse Jesus of disturbing their peace when He offers to give them life (John 10:10).

If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly—They demand unambiguous declaration: "Are you the Messiah, yes or no?" The phrase "tell us plainly" (εἰπὲ ἡμῖν παρρησίᾳ/eipe hēmin parrēsia) uses παρρησία (parrēsia), meaning boldly, openly, without figure or metaphor. They want a direct claim they can use legally against Him.

The question appears sincere but is actually a trap. If Jesus openly declares "I am the Messiah," they'll charge Him with blasphemy and sedition (claiming to be king challenges Roman authority). If He denies it, they can dismiss Him. They're not seeking truth but seeking grounds for accusation. The question is rhetorical strategy, not honest inquiry.

Historical Context

Messianic expectations ran high during Hanukkah, a festival celebrating liberation from foreign oppression. The crowd might have hoped Jesus would declare Himself Messiah and lead rebellion against Rome, as the Maccabees had against the Seleucids. Others sought legal grounds to arrest Him. The question "Are you the Christ?" carried political and religious explosiveness.

Jewish law required two or three witnesses for capital charges. By demanding a public confession, they sought usable testimony. Jesus had performed undeniable miracles and made provocative claims, but nothing they could easily prosecute. A clear messianic claim would provide the evidence they needed.

Jesus's response (verses 25-30) doesn't directly say "I am the Christ" but makes claims far greater—unity with the Father, divine authority, power over life and death. He answers the question through His works and relationship to the Father, not through a simple formula they could manipulate. His wisdom avoids their trap while declaring the truth more profoundly than they requested.

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