Jeremiah 51:30
The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Ancient sources (Herodotus, Xenophon) describe Babylon's unusual conquest: the city was so large that when Persian forces entered through the riverbed (after diverting the Euphrates), fighting occurred in outer districts while the inner city remained unaware until runners brought news—exactly fulfilling verse 31. The Babylonian Chronicle confirms minimal military resistance.
Nabonidus, Babylon's last king, had been absent from the city for years, living in Tema (Arabia), leaving his son Belshazzar in charge. This leadership vacuum contributed to poor military morale. Daniel 5 describes the feast during which Babylon fell—soldiers feasting rather than fighting. The prophecy that warriors would remain in their holds rather than fight was precisely fulfilled. Cyrus's policy of bloodless conquest (confirmed by the Cyrus Cylinder) meant Babylon's gates and bars were broken but the city wasn't destroyed by fire initially—though later rebellions led to burning.
Questions for Reflection
- What causes divinely appointed defeat where mighty warriors refuse to fight despite superior numbers?
- How does Babylon's internal collapse (failed courage) before external conquest illustrate spiritual principles?
- What parallels exist between ancient Babylon's military paralysis and modern institutions that collapse from within?
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Analysis & Commentary
The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken—This verse describes Babylon's military collapse through vivid imagery. The "mighty men" (gibborim, גִּבֹּרִים), Babylon's elite warriors, "forborn to fight" (chadelu lehilachem, חָדְלוּ לְהִלָּחֵם)—they ceased fighting, surrendered without battle. This fulfills the earlier prophecy that God would "break in pieces" warriors (v. 20-23).
"They have remained in their holds" describes soldiers retreating to fortifications rather than defending the city. Their paralysis is explained: "their might hath failed" (nashath geburatham, נָשְׁתָה גְּבוּרָתָם)—literally, their strength dried up. The comparison "they became as women" uses ancient Near Eastern military language not to denigrate women but to describe warriors becoming unable to fight—losing masculine warrior identity. Nahum 3:13 uses identical language for Nineveh's defenders.
The burning of dwellingplaces and breaking of bars (beriach, בְּרִיחַ, gate bars) indicates comprehensive conquest. Gate bars symbolized a city's security (1 Kings 4:13; Psalm 147:13); their breaking meant total vulnerability. This connects to Jeremiah 50:36: "A sword is upon her mighty men; and they shall be dismayed."