James 4:5

Authorized King James Version

Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#2
δοκεῖτε
Do ye think
compare the base of g1166) of the same meaning; to think; by implication, to seem (truthfully or uncertainly)
#3
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
κενῶς
in vain
vainly, i.e., to no purpose
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
γραφὴ
the scripture
a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)
#7
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#8
Πρὸς
to
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#9
φθόνον
envy
ill-will (as detraction), i.e., jealousy (spite)
#10
ἐπιποθεῖ
lusteth
to dote upon, i.e., intensely crave possession (lawfully or wrongfully)
#11
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
πνεῦμα
The spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#13
that
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#14
κατῴκησεν
dwelleth
to house permanently, i.e., reside (literally or figuratively)
#15
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#16
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us

Analysis

Within the broader context of James, this passage highlights salvation through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of James.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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