James 2:20

Authorized King James Version

But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
θέλεις
wilt
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
γνῶναι
thou know
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
#4
O
as a sign of the vocative case, o; as a note of exclamation, oh
#5
ἄνθρωπε
man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#6
κενέ
vain
empty (literally or figuratively)
#7
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#8
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
πίστις
faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
#10
χωρὶς
without
at a space, i.e., separately or apart from (often as preposition)
#11
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἔργων
works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#13
νεκρά
dead
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)
#14
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Analysis

Within the broader context of James, this passage highlights salvation through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of faith connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about faith, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of James.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of James Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes faith in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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