Isaiah 9:3

Authorized King James Version

Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoice when they divide the spoil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הִרְבִּ֣יתָ
Thou hast multiplied
to increase (in whatever respect)
#2
הַגּ֔וֹי
the nation
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#3
ל֖אֹ
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ
and not increased
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
#5
כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת
the joy
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
#6
שָׂמְח֤וּ
they joy
probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
#7
לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#8
כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת
the joy
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
#9
בַּקָּצִ֔יר
in harvest
severed, a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)
#10
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
יָגִ֖ילוּ
and as men rejoice
properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e., usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear
#12
בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם
when they divide
to be smooth (figuratively)
#13
שָׁלָֽל׃
the spoil
booty

Analysis

Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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