Isaiah 61:3

Authorized King James Version

To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָשׂ֣וּם׀
To appoint
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#2
לַאֲבֵלֵ֣י
H57
unto them that mourn
lamenting
#3
צִיּ֗וֹן
in Zion
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
#4
לָתֵת֩
to give
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#5
לָהֶ֨ם
H0
#6
פְּאֵ֜ר
unto them beauty
an embellishment, i.e., fancy head-dress
#7
תַּ֣חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#8
אֵ֗פֶר
for ashes
ashes
#9
שֶׁ֤מֶן
the oil
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
#10
שָׂשׂוֹן֙
of joy
cheerfulness; specifically, welcome
#11
תַּ֣חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#12
אֵ֔בֶל
H60
for mourning
lamentation
#13
מַעֲטֵ֣ה
the garment
a vestment
#14
תְהִלָּ֔ה
of praise
laudation; specifically (concretely) a hymn
#15
תַּ֖חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#16
ר֣וּחַ
for the spirit
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#17
כֵּהָ֑ה
of heaviness
feeble, obscure
#18
וְקֹרָ֤א
that they might be called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#19
לָהֶם֙
H0
#20
אֵילֵ֣י
trees
properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree
#21
הַצֶּ֔דֶק
of righteousness
the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
#22
מַטַּ֥ע
the planting
something planted, i.e., the place (a garden or vineyard), or the thing (a plant, figuratively or men); by implication, the act, planting
#23
יְהוָ֖ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#24
לְהִתְפָּאֵֽר׃
that he might be glorified
to gleam, i.e., (causatively) embellish; figuratively, to boast; also to explain (i.e., make clear) oneself; to shake a tree

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood righteousness. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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