Isaiah 61:4

Authorized King James Version

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And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations.

Original Language Analysis

וּבָנוּ֙ And they shall build H1129
וּבָנוּ֙ And they shall build
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 1 of 12
to build (literally and figuratively)
חָרְב֣וֹת wastes H2723
חָרְב֣וֹת wastes
Strong's: H2723
Word #: 2 of 12
properly, drought, i.e., (by implication) a desolation
עוֹלָ֔ם the old H5769
עוֹלָ֔ם the old
Strong's: H5769
Word #: 3 of 12
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
שֹׁמְמ֖וֹת desolations H8074
שֹׁמְמ֖וֹת desolations
Strong's: H8074
Word #: 4 of 12
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
רִֽאשֹׁנִ֖ים the former H7223
רִֽאשֹׁנִ֖ים the former
Strong's: H7223
Word #: 5 of 12
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
יְקוֹמֵ֑מוּ they shall raise up H6965
יְקוֹמֵ֑מוּ they shall raise up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 6 of 12
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
וְחִדְּשׁוּ֙ and they shall repair H2318
וְחִדְּשׁוּ֙ and they shall repair
Strong's: H2318
Word #: 7 of 12
to be new; causatively, to rebuild
עָ֣רֵי cities H5892
עָ֣רֵי cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 8 of 12
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
חֹ֔רֶב the waste H2721
חֹ֔רֶב the waste
Strong's: H2721
Word #: 9 of 12
drought or desolation
שֹׁמְמ֖וֹת desolations H8074
שֹׁמְמ֖וֹת desolations
Strong's: H8074
Word #: 10 of 12
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
וָדֽוֹר׃ generations H1755
וָדֽוֹר׃ generations
Strong's: H1755
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling
וָדֽוֹר׃ generations H1755
וָדֽוֹר׃ generations
Strong's: H1755
Word #: 12 of 12
properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling

Analysis & Commentary

The promise continues: "And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations." Three parallel phrases emphasize comprehensive rebuilding. The Hebrew charaboth olam (old wastes), shomemoth rishonim (former desolations), and shomemoth dor vador (desolations of generation and generation) stress that what has been destroyed for extensive time will be reconstructed. This is not merely physical rebuilding but spiritual and social restoration. From a Reformed perspective, this describes the church's mission of restoration. Through gospel proclamation and faithful living, believers rebuild what sin destroyed—restored relationships with God and neighbor, renewed communities characterized by justice and mercy, reformed cultures reflecting biblical values. Christ is the master builder (Matthew 16:18, 1 Corinthians 3:10-11) who through His people reconstructs what Adam's fall demolished. Individual converts are ruins rebuilt (Ephesians 2:1-10), and corporately the church represents humanity's restoration to God's original intent.

Historical Context

Literally, this addressed the post-exilic community called to rebuild Jerusalem's physical ruins (Nehemiah 2:17, 4:2). The destruction had lasted multiple generations (586-516 BC). Beyond physical reconstruction, it prophesied spiritual rebuilding. Jesus announced rebuilding the temple in three days (John 2:19-21), referring to His resurrection. The church becomes God's rebuilt temple (1 Corinthians 3:16, Ephesians 2:21-22). Throughout church history, believers rebuild what sin and false teaching destroy—reforming doctrine, renewing morality, restoring true worship. This continues until Christ returns to complete all restoration (Acts 3:21).

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